Why is the United States Congress divided into two houses?

One political party sends the majority of representatives to one house, and the other political party sends the majority of representatives to the other house.

All states have equal representation in one house to benefit smaller states, and representation is based on population in the other house to satisfy larger states.

One house checks the power of the executive branch, and the other house checks the power of the judicial branch.

One house is made up of leaders of each state’s government and the other house is made up of nationally elected representatives.