During 2019, Rao Co. introduced a new line of machines that carry a three-year warranty against manufacturer’s defects. Based on industry experience, warranty costs are estimated at 2% of sales in the year of sale, 3% in the year after sale, and 4% in the second year after sale. Sales and actual warranty expenditures for the first three-year period were as follows: (assume the accrual method)

Sales Actual Warranty Expenditures
2019 $1600000 $39000
2020 2500000 65000
2021 2100000 135000
$6200000 $239000

What amount should Rao report as a liability at December 31, 2018?

a. $0
b. $71,000
c. $84,000
d. $319,000