Work is defined as the ratio of pressure (p) to volume (V) during a change in volume for a gas. The work is the region under the curve that depicts how the state changes from State 1 to State 2 on a graph of pressure vs volume.
Because of this, a gas's impact on the environment is negative. W=PV W = P V is the formula for determining work given pressure (P) and volume change (V). In order to match the effort a system does on its surroundings, the work a gas does when expanding against an external pressure is negative. On the other hand, when a gas is compressed by an external pressure, V is equal to zero and the work is positive since the environment is exerting force on the system.
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