Flame cells or protonephridia, feature a ciliary cluster that resembles a flickering flame. the earthworm's segments, there are 2 nephridia. species of arthropods have malpighian tubules inside of their intestines.
Individual organs developed to carry out the excretory function when multicellular species evolved to be have organ systems that split the body's metabolic demands. Flatworms called planaria are found in freshwater. Two tubules that are joined to a duct system with several branches make up their excretory system. On each of the earthworm's species, there are two nephridia. Because they feature a tubule containing cilia, they resemble flame cells. The nephridiopore is the pore through which excretion takes place. Malpighian tubules and specific glands in the rectum's wall collaborate to perform their function. Urine is generated via tubular secretion processes by the epithelial cell the Malpighian tubules, which are bathed in hemolymph; body fluids are not processed as in the situation of nephridia.
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